ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To analyze the characteristics of medical malpractices in orthopaedic surgeries, to explore principles and methods in medical legal identification, and to provide basic data for uniform medicolegal standard for the future medical identification.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 cases of medical malpractices in orthopaedic surgery, among the 364 cases archived in Medicolegal Expertise Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University during 2002-2015.@*RESULTS@#In the 100 cases of orthopedic medical malpractices, with 104 hospitals involved in, 95 cases were judged with medical errors and the other 9 cases with no error. The top 3 reasons for errors were （1） inadequate observation or estimation of diseases （27.9%）, （2） intraoperative improper operation （17.3%）, and （3） delayed or missed diagnosis and treatment （12.5%）. The consequences of medical malpractices were mostly disability （61%）, followed by prolonged diseases （31%） and death （8%）. With regard to the causal relationship between medical errors and consequences, 95 cases （91.4%） were with causality and the other 9 cases （8.6%） with no causality. Specifically, 56 cases （53.9%） were with medical errors as the secondary causes accounting for 25% causative potency, and 20 cases （19.2%） were with medical errors as the major causes accounting for 75% causative potency.@*CONCLUSIONS@#It is pivotally important for determining the causative potency of medical errors to analyse the causes of damages in orthopaedic surgery and to distinguish subjective factors from objective ones of medical errors.
Subject(s)
Humans , Malpractice , Medical Errors , Orthopedic Procedures/standards , Orthopedics , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Informed consent right is not just for basic ethical consideration, but is important for protecting patient's right by law, which is expressed through informed consent contract. The appraised individuals of forensic clinical examination have the similar legal status as the patients in medical system. However, the law does not require informed consent right for the appraised individuals. I recommend giving certain informed consent right to the appraised individuals in the forensic clinical examination. Under the contracted relationship with the institution, the appraised individuals could participate in the examination process, know the necessary information, and make a selected consent on the examination results, which can assure the justice and fairness of judicial examination procedure.
Subject(s)
Humans , Forensic Medicine , Informed Consent , Patient ParticipationABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of the generation 4 polyamidoamine/vascular endothelial growth factor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (G4PAMAM/VEGFASODN) compound on the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its mRNA of breast cancer cells and on the inhibition of vascular endothelial cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We examined the morphology of G4PAMAM/VEGFASODN compound and its pH stability, in vitro transfection efficiency and toxicity, and the expressions of VEGF and its mRNA. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay was used to detect the inhibitory function of the compound on vascular endothelial cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The compound was about 10 nm in diameter and was homogeneously netlike. From pH 5 to 10, it showed quite a buffered ability. The 48-h transfection rate in the charge ratio of 1:40 was 98.76%, significantly higher than that of the liposome group (P<0.05). None of the transfection products showed obvious toxicity on the cells. The expressions of both VEGF protein and its mRNA after G4PAMAM/VEGFASODN transfection decreased markedly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With a low toxicity, high safety, and high transfection rate, G4PAMAM/VEGFASODN could be a promising gene vector. Specifically, it inhibits VEGF gene expression efficiently, laying a basis for further in vivo animal studies.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Angiogenesis Inhibitors , Genetics , Breast Neoplasms , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Dendrimers , Gene Expression Regulation , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Nylons , Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense , Genetics , Pharmacology , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Transgenes , Genetics , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the basic principles and important rules of forensic identification of adverse drug events and to accumulate basic data and to provide references for forensic identification of similar cases.@*METHODS@#Thirty-three cases of adverse drug events in our forensic identification files were retrospectively reviewed, analyzed, and summarized.@*RESULTS@#There were 27 live and 6 dead victims included in this study. Our study showed a gradually increasing numbers of adverse drug cases in forensic identification year by year with a slight female predominance (20/33 cases, 60.6%). Of the 33 victims, nearly two-thirds (21/33, 63.6%) were due to hospital errors including only one case of drug overdose (1/21, 4.8%), whereas the rest were not related to the hospital errors. Eight cases (8/33, 24.2%) were caused by illegal medical practitioners due to improper use of medication.@*CONCLUSION@#Investigators need to pay more attention to the characteristics and complexities of adverse drug events on a case by case basis encountered in increasing numbers of more and more such forensic identification.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Expert Testimony , Forensic Medicine , Health Services Administration/legislation & jurisprudence , Malpractice/statistics & numerical data , Medical Errors/prevention & control , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sex DistributionABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the genetic polymorphism and applied value in forensic medicine of five short tandem repeats (STRs) loci(DXS7130, DXS7132, DXS7133, DXS6804 and DXS8378) on X-chromosome in Achang ethnic group.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Allele frequency and genotype distribution of five X-STR loci among 100 unrelated individuals from Achang ethnic group were analyzed by PCR following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of females was tested and forensic parameters were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>All the five STR loci were polymorphic in Achang ethnic group. Chi-square test indicated that genotype distribution of females was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results enrich Chinese genetic database and can be applied to individual identification, paternity testing and population genetics.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Alleles , China , Chromosomes, Human, X , Genetics , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Microsatellite Repeats , Genetics , Polymorphism, GeneticABSTRACT
In recent years, mental disability estimation are more than ever in the practice of forensic psychiatric expertise. The standards about mental disability estimation in the Disability Evaluation Criteria of Traffic Accident Injury are ambiguous and difficult to operate, it cause to different understanding in one case. This article discuss some common questions through 3 aspects in mental disability expertise according to some typical cases, there are the first, we should compare the IQ score before and after injurious in intelligence estimate. The second, the mental disability estimation should be done at least one year after the end of medicine treatment. The third, mental estimate scale should be used in mental disability estimation.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Accidents, Traffic , Craniocerebral Trauma/psychology , Disability Evaluation , Expert Testimony/standards , Forensic Psychiatry/legislation & jurisprudence , Intelligence , Persons with Mental Disabilities , Wechsler ScalesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To study the genetic polymorphism of five STR loci on X-chromosome in 98 Ewenke population of China and establish the related genetic database.@*METHODS@#The sequence variation of DXS7423, DXS7424, DXS7132, DXS7133, DXS6804 loci on X-chromosome were analyzed by PCR following PAG electrophoresis and silver staining.@*RESULTS@#The genetic data of the 5 X-chromosome STRs in Ewenke ethnic group of China is in accordance with Hard-Weinberg equilibrium.@*CONCLUSION@#Five X-STR loci could be used in forensic identification and population genetic research.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Chi-Square Distribution , China/ethnology , Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics , DNA/genetics , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Ethnicity/genetics , Forensic Medicine , Gene Frequency , Genetics, Population , Genotype , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Tandem Repeat SequencesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the allele genetic polymorphism of five short tandem repeat (STR) loci on X-chromosome in Ewenke population of north China and to provide basic data for forensic identification.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Genomic DNA was extracted from EDTA-whole blood of Ewenke population by Chelex-100. The DNA samples were amplified by PCR and were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. The sequence length variations of DXS6799, DXS8378, DXS101, HPRTB, and DXS6789 loci on X-chromosome in 98 unrelated Ewenke individuals were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All five loci analyzed showed high polymorphism and genetic stability. The data of the five X-chromosome STR loci in Ewenke ethnic group of China was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by Chi-square test.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Allele polymorphism of five X-chromosome STR loci can be used as a genetic marker for forensic identification and population genetic research.</p>